Friday, May 31, 2019

Condoleezza Rice Essay -- Politics Political

Condoleezza strainAt this point in time the name and pictorial matter of Condoleezza Rice is commonplace among the majority of informed Americans. As the first womanly to serve as the National Security Advisor to the President of the United States, Dr. Rice was propelled even further into the spotlight following the attacks on America on September 11th 2001. I too, like most Americans, saw a brood more of Condi, as she is known by her many friends and colleagues, after September 11. Clearly she was intelligent and always remained calm and poised in the face of ill luck and standing before the cameras. I also noniced and appreciated her articulation and was even moved by what seemed like her stoic yet compassionate presentation. It was not until I read Dr. Rices biography, Condi, by Antonia Felix, however that she gained my utmost respect. By the 21st century a black masteryful black female is not as uncommon as it was fifty years ago. Black women had fought their way to the to p in many arenas, including political such as the U.S. Senate. What is actually amazing about Condis story is speed and finesse with which she ascended to the top of everything she took on. An endearing friendship and mutual loyalty with both of the George Bushes surely did not accidental injury her. Condis success was hardly limited to the world of politics. She approached music, fitness, academics, sports, religion, and family with the same decisiveness, consistency, and determination that she brought to the public sector. Condi is also no stranger to controversy. Now more than ever she faces a host of critics, especially regarding her supposed knowledge of possible terrorist threats before they came to pass on September 11. Her Republican politics made her less than popular among African Americans although she maintains a more liberal perspective on social issues and remains pro-choice. In spite of her ups and downs it is ultimately her unfaltering character to which she can at tribute her success as well as her status as what many call the most powerful woman in politics. The high academic pursuits of the Rice family did not exactly begin with Condoleezza and her generation. The foundation of this idea can be seen in chapter 2 of her autobiography in which the author begins the chronological record with a learn at Julia Head Rice. Julia was born into slavery, albeit house slavery which was h... ...onsibilities were never ending and she approached them with the same grace and drive as she does everything in her life. Although the book end its backing in 2002, shortly after 9/11, Condis duties accommodate become no less urgent. Since that time she has had to defend her Administration against suggestions that the attacks could have been prevented and has done so quite well. The 2004 elections have just been completed and George W. Bush is returning to the White House for another term. Former Secretary of State Colin Powell has submitted his resignation a nd Condoleezza Rice has been nominate as a predictable replacement. If she survives the Senate approval hearings she will become the first black female and second female to fill the role. While I have full faith in her abilities I am concerned with the fact that without Powell in the National Security Council there will be no dissent opinions. The proposed administration is politically homogenous. Surely Dr. Rice would understand this concern as she herself is quoted in the opening lines of chapter 8 of her biography as saying If you find yourself in the company of people who agree with you, youre in the wrong company.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Womens Liberation in the 1920s: Myth or Reality? Essays -- Essays Pa

Womens Liberation in the 1920s Myth or Reality? The decade following World War I proved to be the some explosive decade of the century. America emerged as a world power, the 19th amendment was ratified, and the expansion of capitalism welcomed the emergence of consumerism. The consumer era was established, which generated new spending opportunities for most Americans in the 1920s. From the latest fashions to the world of politics, ideologies collided to construct a society based on contradicting principles. These powerful ideologies infected men and women of all classes with an inescapable desire for material possessions barely this ideological tug-of war affected women the most. Although legally declared citizens, societys assumption of motherhood and domesticity, being the only professions for women, still remained supreme in the area that supposedly promoted equal opportunity.New sex role stereotypes appeared throughout society and women became identified with the consumer c ulture for they were major purchasers of products and constituted a crucial underpinning of the economy (Dumenil 144). No group was more responsive to this than the advertising industry, which introduced new images while reinforcing traditional stereotypes. As speculation on womens rights grew tiresome after suffrage had been won, women detached in search of their own individuality however a womans identity was based on the sex-role stereotypes advertisements continuously portrayed which in bias transformed cultural expectations and thwarted womens autonomy. The emergence of consumerism allowed advertisements to be viewed worldwide. Across the nation, women in cities, towns and farms paged through issues of mass-circulation... ...ture and Society in the 1920s. New York Hill and Wang, 1995. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Echoes of the Jazz fester Flappers and Philosophers. New York 1921 Harriman, Helga H. Women in the Western Heritage. Sluice Dock, Guilford, CT. Danshkin Publishing Group, Inc. 1995 Kroger, Jane. Identity in Adolescence The Balance Between Self and Other. London Routledge, 1989Scanlon, Jennifer. Inarticulate Longings The Ladies Home Journal, Gender, and the Promises of Consumer Culture. New York, NY Routledge, 1995 Sivulka, Juliann. Soap, Sex, and Advertising. Belmont, atomic number 20 Wasworth Publishing Company, 1998 Stearns, Peter N. and Jean Lewis eds. An Emotional History of the United States. New York, NY. New York University Press, 1998 Stevenson, Elizabeth. Babbits and Bohemians From the Great War to the Great Depression. New York Macmillan, 1967.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Flag Desecration :: essays research papers

Flag Desecration Flag desecration is not American. People who burn the American gladiolus lack respect for themselves, America, and the m whatever people who have died to support American freedom. The people who desecrate the American flag have no right to previse themselves Americans. They are unpatriotic, ii faced, cowards, and worse of each(prenominal) un-American (communist). To be patriotic a somebody must love and defend his own country against all foreign and domestic threats. These unpatriotic people are two faced. They live in America with all its freedoms, and yet desecrate the most important symbolic representation which holds America together the flag. The way flag burners go nigh desecrating the American flag shows that they are not lawful Americans. Flag burners commit a chastely unjust and hateful crime by desecrating the American flag. They are the first to hid behind the first amendment (Freedom of Speech). For people to say they have the right to burn the American flag, sighting their first amendment rights, they have some kind of distort sense of expression. If people continue to desecrate the American flag, it will lose its significance and value. From 1968 to 1989, politicians and true red blooded Americans understood how important it was to respect the American flag. Congress passed a law in which it prohibited desecration of the American flag in 1968. According to the law, it was illegal to cast contempt, either by condition or act upon the American flag ((Federal law, 18 USC Sec. 700 States, 1968) Sec. 2(a). The law states that whoever knowingly casts contempt upon whatever flag of the United States by publicly mutilating, defacing, defiling, burning, or tread upon it shall be fined, not more than $1,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both, Sec. 2(b). The term "flag of the United States" as used in this section, shall include any flag, standard colors, ensign, or any picture or representation of either , or of any part or parts of either, made of any substance or represented on any substance by which the average person seeing the homogeneous without deliberation may believe the same to represent the flag, standards, colors, or ensign of the United States of America". In simple form, the law says that the American flag is to be revered and not abused in an act demeaned as unprofessional. The law was very strict and to the point.Flag Desecration essays research document Flag Desecration Flag desecration is not American. People who burn the American flag lack respect for themselves, America, and the many people who have died to preserve American freedom. The people who desecrate the American flag have no right to call themselves Americans. They are unpatriotic, two faced, cowards, and worse of all un-American (communist). To be patriotic a person must love and defend his own country against all foreign and domestic threats. These unpatriotic people are two faced. They live in America with all its freedoms, and yet desecrate the most important symbol which holds America together the flag. The way flag burners go about desecrating the American flag shows that they are not true Americans. Flag burners commit a morally unjust and hateful crime by desecrating the American flag. They are the first to hid behind the first amendment (Freedom of Speech). For people to say they have the right to burn the American flag, sighting their first amendment rights, they have some kind of warped sense of expression. If people continue to desecrate the American flag, it will lose its significance and value. From 1968 to 1989, politicians and true red blooded Americans understood how important it was to respect the American flag. Congress passed a law in which it prohibited desecration of the American flag in 1968. According to the law, it was illegal to cast contempt, either by word or act upon the American flag ((Federal law, 18 USC Sec. 700 States, 1968) Sec. 2(a). The l aw states that whoever knowingly casts contempt upon any flag of the United States by publicly mutilating, defacing, defiling, burning, or trampling upon it shall be fined, not more than $1,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both, Sec. 2(b). The term "flag of the United States" as used in this section, shall include any flag, standard colors, ensign, or any picture or representation of either, or of any part or parts of either, made of any substance or represented on any substance by which the average person seeing the same without deliberation may believe the same to represent the flag, standards, colors, or ensign of the United States of America". In simple form, the law says that the American flag is to be revered and not abused in an act demeaned as unprofessional. The law was very strict and to the point.

Disarmament of Paramilitary Groups in the Former Yugoslavia :: Political Science

Disarmament of Paramilitary Groups in the Former Yugoslavia The Committee on Disarmament and International hostage has taken upon the task of disarming paramilitary groups in Yugoslavia. It is important that we examine states policies toward disarmament and prevention of the proliferation of light weapons. While states generally support active and emphasised disarmament of paramilitary groups, it is important to note that some nations have a stronger commitment to the containment of the small arms.Two separate views have emerged regarding the cause of the war in Yugoslavia, each of them drawing their conclusions from a different set of historical facts. One interpretation claims that the war is the result of an act of Serbian aggression instigated by an flag-waving(prenominal) leader, Slobodan Milosevic. The other side holds that his is a civil war based on the revival of ancient ethnic conflicts in the region that erupted after the fall of communism, States in the internatio nal community have aligned according to their interpretation of the history of the region.Argentina does not have a major role on this topic, but has strong trade ties with the United States and will side with them on the issue. The United States adopts a different interpretation on the issue than the rest of the world. Most of Europe, debar Great Britain, was extremely critical of the actions the United States took in the bombing in Yugoslavia. The leaders believed that the campaign would only make a bad situation worse. Russian government criticized the Clinton Administration for its actions. China also disagreed with the United States, saying they had no right to intervene in the international affairs of Yugoslavia, regardless of the actions taken by Milosevic. Argentina will side with the United States unless they propose an idea to make all the countries pay for an active and forceful disarmament of paramilitary groups.

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

The Jihad Trap :: September 11 Terrorism Essays

The Jihad Trap The struggle America is engaged in after the feelers on the WTC, the Pentagon and Pennsylvania is a war for the wagon and minds of average Muslims around the world. Bin Laden, if indeed he is the mastermind behind the attacks, has set a trap for the US into which it essential not fall. By struggle the US as part of a jihad (a holy war), Bin Laden is in fact claiming to Muslims to represent their grievances and to represent in truth Islam. He is in effect saying Muslims, I share your grievances unlike your corrupt and authoritarian governments I am the merely one doing something about it. I have destroyed the symbols of American capitalism and stopped the heartbeat of world finance which the US dominates. The US, as well as moderate Muslims the world over, must unite and deny him this symbolic victory and must not accept to engage him in combat on these impairment. We should not let him define the terms of our intellectual and symbolic battle. As a professor o f Islamic law I have researched the law of jihad and can state unequivocally that the war Bin Laden has engaged us in cannot be labeled a jihad. Furthermore, I believe a strong case can be made that he has acted contrary to the tenets of Islam and can be ostracized from the community of believing Muslims. Moderate Muslims will agree with me, certainly, as they are horrified by this attack and are desperate to have it disassociated from their religion. The West must provide moderate Muslims a way out of Bin Ladens trap. According to Islamic law on that point are at least six reasons why Bin Ladens barbaric violence cannot fall under the rubric of jihad 1. Individuals and organizations cannot declare a jihad, only states can 2. One cannot kill innocent women and children when conducting a jihad 3. One cannot kill Muslims in a jihad 4. One cannot fight a jihad against a country in which Muslims can freely practice their religion and proselytize Islam 5. Prominent Muslim jurists ar ound the world have condemned these attacks and their condemnation forms a juristic consensus (ijma) against Bin Ladens actions. This consensus renders his actions un-Islamic 6. The welfare and interest of the Muslim community (maslaha) is being harmed by Bin Ladens actions and this equally makes them un-Islamic.

The Jihad Trap :: September 11 Terrorism Essays

The Jihad Trap The war America is engaged in after the attacks on the WTC, the Pentagon and Pennsylvania is a war for the hearts and minds of average Muslims nearly the world. lay in Laden, if indeed he is the mastermind behind the attacks, has set a trap for the US into which it must not fall. By attacking the US as part of a international jihad (a holy war), Bin Laden is in fact claiming to Muslims to represent their grievances and to represent real Islam. He is in effect saying Muslims, I share your grievances unlike your corrupt and authoritarian governments I am the only one doing something about it. I have destroyed the symbols of American capitalism and stopped the heartbeat of world finance which the US dominates. The US, as rise up as moderate Muslims the world over, must unite and deny him this symbolic victory and must not accept to engage him in combat on these terms. We should not let him define the terms of our intellectual and symbolic battle. As a professor of Is lamic law I have researched the law of jihad and can state unequivocally that the war Bin Laden has engaged us in cannot be labeled a jihad. Furthermore, I believe a strong case can be made that he has acted contrary to the tenets of Islam and can be ostracized from the community of believing Muslims. Moderate Muslims will agree with me, certainly, as they are horrified by this attack and are desperate to have it disassociated from their religion. The West must provide moderate Muslims a way out of Bin Ladens trap. According to Islamic law there are at least six reasons why Bin Ladens barbaric violence cannot fall under the polish of jihad 1. Individuals and organizations cannot declare a jihad, only states can 2. One cannot kill innocent women and children when conducting a jihad 3. One cannot kill Muslims in a jihad 4. One cannot fight a jihad against a country in which Muslims can freely practice their religion and proselytize Islam 5. Prominent Muslim jurists around the wor ld have condemned these attacks and their condemnation forms a juristic consensus (ijma) against Bin Ladens actions. This consensus renders his actions un-Islamic 6. The welfare and interest of the Muslim community (maslaha) is being harmed by Bin Ladens actions and this equally makes them un-Islamic.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Account for the success of pop music in Britain

Pop practice of medicine is medication charted by the number of sales, plays, etc that the song receives. It is not a particular literary genre or mien of music, but simply the most popular for the tracked period of time, and usually targets a wide audience.To begin with I am going to discuss the taradiddle behind pop music from mid 1950s to the 1970s.In the mid-1950s, Britain was still feeling the pain of the war, with food and money shortages, and difficulty still part of daily life. Britain as a country was also in financial trouble, the delivery was in bad shape. This was a grey time, and vernal British people/ British kids had no dreams, and they could only copy the images which they saw on television or in the media from the life of kids in America. These young Americans would be driving their own cars, and wearing the in vogue(p) portable clothes. The British y come inh would watch and hear the latest Rock N Roll music sounds from the States with artists such as Elvis Presley.During the 1950s British children had no a separate youth culture from their parents. The transition between child and adult was nothing huge or spectacular. The way that young people dressed was or so the same as their parents. They were not a separate group with their own determine and customs.British youth culture was small, and was totally dominated by American trends and styles. The British music industry in the 1950s relied heavily on American music which led to British copies, of American-style music. The music industry was controlled from London but was out of touch with the needs and wants of the youth of Britain. However, even in this atmosphere, a uniquely British musical trend emerged in late 1956-57 this was called Skiffle, (a kind of simple folk music played by a small group (friends), mainly with rhythmic accompaniment, usually a washboard to a singing guitarist). This simple style was soft for teenagers to play, just one guitar, and nighone who could vag uely keep a rhythm on a washboard. Skiffle was made famous by Glasgow-born Lonnie Donegan. Lonnie was hugely popular and, an ecstasy to the musical youth of Britain. in that location are many famous musicians and groups e.g. Eric Clapton (is an English blues-rock guitarist, singer, songwriter and composer. He is one of the most successful musicians of the 20th centuryy) who all hypothecate that Lonnie Donegan was a big influence on them.Music was different between the South of London compared to the North. In the cities outside of London, especially Liverpool, but also Birmingham, Manchester, and Newcastle had a musical revolution. In Liverpool, a music culture very different and separate from London was happening. In the North, the kids loved Rhythm N Blues, and Rock N Roll, not the mild listening music that they had in the south. By the early 1960s northern cities had a large and highly competitive band scene emerging in which hundreds of local bands move to find and perform the latest imported songs from America. Indeed it is often said that American Blues music, the music of black people, was originally from America but was fix not popular but when it came over to Britain it succeeded to be popular and thats when Americans accepted it and then began to like it.In Liverpool, the music they played was a mix of the American music with a touch of the Mersey and Liverpool individualism. The concept of a Mersey beat was born.By the 1960s there were so many great groups in this Mersey scene such as The Beatles and everyone young in Britain decided they were number one. The Beatles went to America, and once The Beatles had cracked the American market, their success just kept flowing.Suddenly Britain, (mainly London), was swinging, in the swinging 60s. Britain became the centre of the music and fashion world. There was a genuine energy, creativity and optimism which was totally the opposite of the mood of a few years before.The economy that influenced the mus ic industry in the early 1960s, the economy of Britain took off. Britain became a rich country everybody had jobs and money, including the young people. In particular the youth of Britain had started to get more money, and acquire spending power and became independent. This meant that they bought more clothes and records. four-year-old people became big business, and record companies and fashion companies wanted young people to buy their products and so advertising the message of youth.Britain succeeded largely when the US president gutter F. Kennedy was assassinated and it left America in a state of shock, without a sense of direction and vulnerable. The Americans looked to England for musical and artistic inspiration, and so Britain became dominant within the music industry.The impact of US films and music inspired a series of spectacular and distinctly British youth subcultures from the mid-50s to the late-70s. Many groups decided to drop out of British society. They decided to make their own small societies in Britain. Some wanted to change the whole country as well. In 1953 became the creation of Teddy Boys/Girls this was the start youth group in Britain. They dressed with a Rockabilly style and with quiffs, influenced by Elvis Presley, accessories such as flick-knives, crepe sole shoes, and they were typically from working-class London. They were not so revolutionary but rather violent.Therefore in Britain in the 1950s there was no real pop or rock music however in 1960s pop and rock music in Britain was the biggest, or second biggest revolution in the world.The culture of the 1960s was the hippies. The hippy values were a reaction to money and normality. These values were peace and love. The music of their interest was The Beatles, The Who, and Jimmy Hendrix.In 1963 became the Mods a Jamaican-rude boy/Italian-cool style, and US soul. The music that interested them were The small faces, The who and Scooters. This group were typically from a working- class background in London. The type of fashion they led was Fashion-Green army parkas, and Italian suits.In 1976-1979 became The Punks, their interest was of artists such as Sex pistols, The clash and Bondage. Their led a fashion of leather jackets and trousers with a ripped effect held back with safety pins.The 1980s was the return influences of pop which was having a greater impact in this decennary than ever before. Hits in the US charts came from the UK, from artists such as George Michael -Careless Whisper, Wham-Wake Me Up Before You Go Go (both 1984), George Harrison-Got My Mind Set on You and Rick Astley-Never Gonna Give You Up (both 1988). The rock genre delivered a frank number of pop hits this decade, with bands otherwise protective of their roots delivering briefly into commercialism. An example is a British-American rock band Foreigner- I Want to receipt What Love Is (1985).One of the big trends in UK pop music this decade was the success of the boy band and girl ban ds, with early successes being Manchesters Take That and Irelands Boyzone. The change Girls had their first hits in 1996 and dominated the next few years with many hit singles, and by the end of the decade there were many others, from boy bands Westlife and quint to girl bands B*Witched and All Saints. Many popular songs came from female artists. A few of the most significant are Sinead OConnor- Nothing compares to you (1990), and the Spice Girls- Wannabe (1996).Following-up on the compulsive results of the eighties, songs from movie soundtracks continued to be popular. Defining hits of the genre include Bryan Adams- Everything I do (I do it for you) for Robin Hood Prince Of Thieves (1991). Pop became truly international in the nineties, with hits coming from diverse and distant locations but from Britain was Chesney Hawkes- The one and only (1991), and Babylon Zoo- Spaceman (1996). Plus one of the best selling singles of all time, Elton John- Candle in the Wind (1997) Other Brit ish success was of the Spice Girls who have since become Pop icons, with Global hits such as Wannabe and 2 Become 1.In the first decade of the twenty-first century Female singers have had a big successful influence on the pop music, with rhythmic ballads, hip hop pieces and dance tracks, some include Dannii Minogue- I begin to wonder, and Sophie Ellis Bextor- Murder on the dance floor both in 2001.A female band called Girls Aloud created by ITV1 talent show Popstars The Rivals in 2002. Have become one of the most successful British pop groups of the decade, with a record-breaking 18 consecutive Top 10 singles (including threesome number ones) and five platinum albums (including a number one). They are Smash Hits poll winners, have won a TMF Award and have been nominated for both BRIT Awards. Girls Aloud hold the record for the shortest time between formation and reaching number one in the UK Charts (with their platinum-selling dbut single hygienic of the Underground), and have si nce become one of the few reality television groups to achieve continued success. For a contemporary pop group manufactured on reality television they have received unprecedented praise from broadsheet newspapers and the rock music press, with publications including the Observer Music Monthly and the NME giving their music party reviews. The Observer has referred to Biology as the single of the decade.Traditional rock and modern rock made forays into pop with consecrated artists and newcomers both introducing songs to the pop music, Franz Ferdinand-Take me out was a good example. Franz Ferdinand is an indie rock band that formed in Glasgow, Scotland in 2001. The band first experienced chart success when their second single Take Me turn up which I mentioned above reached 3 in the UK Charts, followed by their debut album Franz Ferdinand which debuted on the UK album chart at 3.Entirely digital productions integrated new technology and sounds, and as electronic (electro) dance music entered the mainstream, pop artists started using producers and re-mixers which contributed their styles to the genre an example were the Gorillaz-Feel good inc.Britain hit the pop charts with artists such as Robbie Williams-feel good (2003), pile Blunt- Youre beautiful (2005), and James Morrison- You give me something (2006).I conclude that Britain have been very successful within pop music, but with a very competitive competition against America. I personally felt that for each decade Britain increased their success within pop and it was down to many aspects but mainly to the talented artists in Britain and the individuation within the music itself.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Is Human Population Growth A Threat Environmental Sciences Essay

Even though universe of discourse is frequently considered a susceptible subject, it is going progressively hard to disregard the construct that macrocosm emergence threatens the surround. The speedy accompaniment in race development everyplace the past hardly a(prenominal) centuries has led to an increasing involvement in, and a turning line for world ontogeny as one of the cardinal menaces to the environment. A menace to the environment croupe be in many different signifiers, such as dirt eroding, clime alteration, dis afforestation, wastes, and pollution. The purpose of the undermentioned leaven is to research how population growing is considered to channel to these issues and degrade the environment. In order to accomplish this purpose the essay impart be split into two chief parts. The first subdivision will curriculum vitae theories that vie population growing is a menace to the environment. This will be houseed by Malthus and Meadows et Al. In order to deri ve a compendious synopsis this essay will concentrate on the natural environment, in peculiar researching how deforestation is threatened by population growing. However, the 2nd portion of the essay will dispute this and intent that population growing does non jeopardize the environment. It will reason that an increasing population could remedy environmental quality. It also will claim if resources atomic number 18 managed sustown(prenominal)able so population growing will non damagingly make the environment. This is supported by Tiffen and Mortito a greater extent and Fox. Local instance surveies atomic number 18 used as little surveies show the race between population and deforestation more clearly, as macro surveies are affected by many other influences. Finally the decisions reached are population growing is non the root perplex of environmental harm. If resources are managed sustainably and new engineerings are used, so population growing itself would non endanger the environment.A positive correlation coefficient between population growing and environmental harm Overpopulation is our figure one environmental job ( Rodnguez-Tnias 19941379 ) .Since 1650 the rate of population growing has increased. This has resulted in a rapid rundown of the universe population which rose from 3.3 billion in 1965 to over 6 billion by the twelvemonth 2000 . Thus universe population close to doubled in merely 35 old ages and the rate of growing itself was besides lifting. Furthermore a billion people were added to the universe population from 1987 to 1999, an addition equivalent to the entire universe population in 1804 ( Panayotou 2000 ) . This comparatively recent addition in universe population has led to a climb concern for how population growing affects the natural environment and natural resources ( Meadows et al 200528 ) . thither are many campaign as to why population growing is seen as a menace to the environment. For illustration, human populat ions use up natural resources, omit nursery gases lending to climate alteration, destroy home grounds ensue in loss of biodiversity, and increase air and H2O pollution percentage points. Hence, about all environmental issues are either straight or indirectly link up to population. Furthermore, it is frequently reported in the media that a turning population is an environmental menace, farther increasing the concern. For illustration Andrew Woodcock studies in The Independent that a flourishing population is a menace to climate alteration ( 2006 online ) . There has been a coincident tendency of a growing in population and a steep diminish in environmental quality and an addition in resource depletion ( Panayotou 2000 ) .Consequently, population growing is frequently considered the greatest and cardinal menace to the environment.The argument on the correlation coefficient between population and the environment began over 150 old ages ago when classical political economic expert s such as Malthus ( 1798 ) identified a consanguinity between population and nutrient supply. He argued that population grew exponentially, whereas nutrient supply would merely turn arithmetically, ensuing in major nutrient deficits. He claimed that the intensity per whole area on agricultural bring down would ensue in a diminution in environmental quality, coercing cultivation of poorer quality land. He criticised the panorama that agricultural betterments could be made and spread out with boundary and claimed that the power of population growing was greater than the Earth s ability to back up adult male. Malthus concluded that population growing must limited to stay within environmental limitations, as the Earth s resources are finite. Malthus theory that the sizing of population is dependent on nutrient supply and agricultural methods,This thought was resurrected in the twentieth century, by cardinal publications, most notably The Limits to Growth by Meadows et Al ( 1972 ) and The world Bomb by Ehrlich ( 1968 ) . This new organic structure of work by modern-day writers is referred to as neo-Malthusianism. The argument nevertheless has shifted from agricultural land to concerns about the function of population growing in the depletion of other natural and renewable resources, and the minute of population growing on clime alteration and on biodiversity loss. Meadows et Al ( 1972 ) argued that population growing seat make jobs be make up of environmental bounds. They argued that population growing can non go on indefinitely and used by informations to send for future tendencies in universe population, resource depletion, pollution and nutrient production. They claimed that the bounds of the planet will be reached within the following century and that population could indeed non transport on turning. In their 30 twelvemonth update in 2005 they argued their decisions were even more of import today. They claimed that there is now land scarceness and th e bounds have been approached, which is particularly serious as population keeps lifting and resources are being depleted. Growth in the Earth s population could take to the possibility for a possible ruinous wave-off ( Meadows et al 2005 ) . Livi-Bacci ( 2001 ) points out that in Bangladesh the bounds have already been reached, hence population can non transport on turning. This is akin to Ehrlich ( 1968 ) who argued that there should be action to cut down population growing otherwise there would be aggregate famishment. The growing of universe population increases the acquires on natural resources, doing it hard to protect these resources, therefore worsening environmental quality ( Sitarz 1993 ) . Hence there are grounds to worry about the here and now population growing will hold on the environment in the long term ( Sen 1994 ) . Consequently the consensus is that there is a population job ( Neumann 2004817 ) .Population growing causes jobs in the local environment. There i s no individual usher to analyzing the province of the environment therefore the relationship between population and environment is commonly evaluated in footings of single resources or measurings of environmental quality ( Panayotou 2000 ) . Environmental quality can be measured by the stock of woods or by the absence of air and H2O pollution. The affect population growing has on deforestation has received considerable attending as woods play a cardinal function in wildlife home grounds, the C rhythm, and a beginning of natural stuff. At the planetary graduated table deforestation contributes to planetary heating, and at a local graduated table leads to dirty debasement ( Fairhead and deprive 1995, Nyerges and Green 2000 ) .There is grounds which supports Malthusian give inments that an increasing population has a prohibit topic on environmental stocks. The function of population growing is peculiarly clear in delicate environments such as woods ( Livi-Bacci 2001 ) . The caus e of deforestation is often seen as a consequence of population force per unit areas as population growing increases the pauperism for cultivable land, ensuing in a transition of forest land to other utilizations ( Cropper and Griffith 1994 ) . Malthus argued population growing would ensue in a higher(prenominal) demand for agricultural land and this consequences in a diminution of forest land peculiarly in Africa and Latin America ( Livi-Bacci 2001 ) . 60 % of the universe s deforestation is a consequence of the demand for more agricultural land ( Pimentel and Pimentel 1999 ) . Each twelvemonth, 70 million people are added to universe population, largely in developing states and 15 million self-colored kilometers of woods disappear ( Panayotou 200025 ) . This research led to many people speculating that more people must ensue in less woods, as the higher the population growing, the faster this procedure will take topographic point ( Ehrlich and Ehrlich 1990, Rudel 1991 ) . Th is will do a steep lessening in forest size of it from twelvemonth to twelvemonth. Forests often owe their beginnings to depopulation, hence ensuing in the decision that population growing causes deforestation, particularly in hapless and developing states ( Fairhead and Leach 1994 ) . This affect is more ascertained at the local degree, for illustration Cropper and Griffith ( 1994 ) used panel informations for Asia, Africa and Latin America between 1961 and 1988 and found a positive relationship between deforestation and population growing. Additionally, Fairhead and Leach ( 1995 ) identified that there was an ascertained diminution in woods in The Ziama Forest Reserve in greaseball as a consequence of turning populations, which have moved off from traditional methods. IUCN study on Ziama states that forest screen in this portion of wop is now merely 20 % of what it was at beginning and the study emphasizes that the wood is regressing quickly ( cited in Fairhead and Leach 1 9951029 ) . therefore the diminution of woods reflects the populations who cleared it ( Fairhead and Leach 1994 ) . Furthermore Sambrook et Al ( 2004 ) did a survey of 450 traditional hillslope farms in the Dominican Republic, and found there was positive relationship between population force per unit area and deforestation. They found that for the full 1987 farm sample, 52 % of the fluctuation in deforestation is explained by population force per unit areas ( p36 ) . This consequence can besides been seen at the state degree, for illustration in Thailand deforestation was caused by demographic force per unit area from migration ( Livi-Bacci 2001 ) . Consequently, population growing causes a disproportional negative impact on the environment ( Ehrlich and Holdren 19711212 ) .There is a conventional wisdom that population growing is responsible for deforestation. This supports the neo-Malthusian position that population growing is the root cause of environmental debasement, and turning demands for finite resources. thereof the solution is direct population control ( Panayotou 1996 ) . If population growing is a major menace to the environment so steps must be taken to cut down the rates of growing. Livi-Bacci ( 2001 ) argues that a diminution population addition will spread the issue of the environment. then there is an immediate demand to develop schemes aimed at commanding universe population growing ( Sitarz 199344 ) . This means that there needs to be support for household planning throughout the universe particularly in developing states which have the highest rates of population growing, and less entree to household planning ( Barlett 1994 ) . Therefore, decelerating the addition in population, particularly in the face of lifting demand for natural resources, can assist protect the environment. As population size ranges even higher degrees the environment is at hazard and the result is impossible to foretell, therefore policies to cut down popula tion are needed ( Upadhyay and Robey 1999 ) . However, the following subdivision will counter this and argue population growing is non a menace and hence there is no demand for population controls.Population growing is non the cardinal issue for menaces to the environmentThere is agnosticism about whether population growing is the cardinal menace to the environment, as Monbiot ( 2008 online ) writes is population truly our figure one environmental job? Even though there is grounds of a correlativity between population growing and a lessening in environmental quality, a about perfect correlativity does non inevitably connote causing. Otherwise, it would be expected that states with the highest population such as China and India would hold the highest usage of natural resources ( Panayotou 2000 ) . The world-wide mean per capita usage of forest resources is 0.75 arcminute angle, whereas in China, a state which about 20 % of the universe population uses less that mean forest resou rces with merely 0.11ha/capita ( Pimentel and Pimental1999 ) .Some jobs have been raised over the Malthusian position of population growing endangering the environment. The universe has coped with fast additions in population, even though Malthus predicted awful catastrophes. At the clip he wrote there were fewer than a billion people in universe but he felt the Earth s bounds had past. The universe population has grown half-dozen times larger since 1798, but contrary to what Malthus predicted, nutrient production grew even higher ( Sen 1994 ) . Clearly, Malthus ( 1798, 1803 ) did non anticipate the technological progresss of the last two centuries as a consequence of the industrial and agricultural revolutions. interchangeable other classical authors he as tendernessed that land productiveness was furbish up ( Panayotou 2000 ) . Boserup opposes Malthus theory reasoning that agricultural methods depend on population size ( Darity 1989 ) . Boserup ( 1965 ) theorised that populati on determined agricultural methods, hence the power of enterprise and new inventions would get the better of the power of demand. This means population growing would non go on to degrade the environment as communities would exchange to new and more intensive methods of the land. Thus population growing does non ensue in a debasement of the environment because populations will alter to another system with a higher carrying capacity. Therefore, the issue is non the Numberss of people, but how those Numberss relate to available resources ( Barlett 19949 ) . Technological alterations and better direction of resources would guarantee that a population can spread out the Earth s capacity. It can be argued that population growing is in occurrence the drive force for talent and technological invention guaranting growing without damaging the environment ( Panayotou 1996 ) . For illustration an addition in agricultural outputs can countervail the consequence of population growing on defor estation as a 10 % addition in agricultural outputs from technological alteration would ensue in a 1.1 % decrease in deforestation ( Panayotou 2000 ) . Therefore the effects of population growing can be reduced by modern engineering and increased efficiency ( Cropper and Griffiths 1994 ) . Consequently, an environmental crisis can be avoided if stairss are taken to conserve and pull off resources and demand sustainably ( Upadhyay and Robey 1999 ) . Therefore the natural environment and resources has neer been fixed but has expanded due to invention. The bounds to growing are non defined as they are connected to the effects of technological growing and cultural picks ( Livi-Bacci 2001 ) . This rejects Malthus s statement as he assumed land productiveness was fixed, whereas Boserup ( 1965, 1976 ) argues that dearth is non possible as technological alterations would let nutrient production to maintain up with population growing. In add-on, more efficient and environmentally sound agric ultural engineerings must be developed and put into pattern to back up the go on productiveness of agribusiness ( Pimentel and Pimentel, 1996 ) .Meadows et Al ( 1972 ) and Ehrlich were wild to propose population growing would take to environmental debasement as it may ensue in conservation or an betterment of the natural environment. This position does non curtail the degrees of population but suggests it can actively better the environment. Tiffen and Mortimore ( 1994 ) argued against Malthusian positions and pointed out that population growing does non needfully endanger the environment as better direction and investing would guarantee the natural environment is protected. Agricultural labour demands increased non because of a larger sum of cropped land but because of larger labor demands, as Boserup suggests. They pointed out that an increasing population would increase entree to beginnings of cognition and utilizing engineerings. This enables outputs to lift faster than popul ation growing. Like Tiffen and Mortimore, Murton ( 1999 ) besides argued against Malthusian statements. He used illustration in the Machakos territory in Kenya which showed that environmental preservation occurred during periods of population addition. Therefore, population growing is an of import agencies of bettering environmental quality. Therefore, if resources are direction sustainably so population growing can protect the environment. He found population growing has a positive influence on woods as husbandmans became more dependent on non-agricultural beginnings of income. Therefore, Malthus is incorrect to propose there would be a calamity as population addition can hold a positive influence on woods. This is supported by Fox ( 1993 ) who did research on forest resources in a Nepali trivial town Bhogteni in 1980 and 1990 and found despite an one-year population growing rate of 2.5 % , woods were found to be in much better place in 1990 than they were in 1980 ( p89 ) . Thu s population growing had a positive influence on forest resources. He found that Nepali husbandmans began to develop their ain methods for conserving the woods through community direction. This consequence in an addition of forest resources as in 1980 private woodlots had 179 trees/ha compared to 489 trees/ha in 1990. Therefore population growing does non needfully take to downward spiral of land debasement. Fairhead and Leach ( 1994 ) besides identified a counter-narrative for their grounds, as local occupants argued they had created the spots of forest round their small towns, non destroyed it. Oral history suggests that the small towns encouraged and managed the growing of forest islands around their small towns. Therefore, it is non needfully the instance that the country was originally forest prior to increase of the population. It is imaginable that direction of the local resources was partly responsible for the spread of forest countries, from earlier savanna-like conditions . They point out that more small towns unfeignedly resulted in more forest islands. The Ziama part was originally au naturel stone non forest land. Therefore there is a broader narrative ( Fairhead and Leach 1995 ) . Therefore the incorrect readings were made based on stereotypes ( Fairhead and Leach 1994 ) . Conversely, unwritten history is non fact, or based on empirical grounds and ca nt use these local/ closure findings everyplace. Hence the cogency of these statements is questionable. While this rejects Malthusian statements, as population growing did non take to farther environmental debasement, it does non corroborate Boserup s hypothesis that population growing would take to new inventions.Furthermore, population growing creates the inducement to protect the environment, as costs of bing resources addition and benefits from replacements are realised ( Panayotou 2000 ) . Therefore the rapid population growing in Bhogteni may hold resulted in an increased willingness of the s mall towns to seek better direction for forest lands. Thus woods would non hold been perceived as threatened if there was non a high population growing rate. Fox ( 1993 ) besides argues that other variables contributed to the direction of the forest in Bhogteni, such as an creation of a new route and alterations in forest term of office. Nevertheless, date population growing can trip land usage alterations it is non the root cause of environmental harm. The root cause consequences from market failures, particularly in developing states where belongings rights are neither defined nor employ. Thus the private cost of deforestation is zero. Therefore, because they have no right of ownership to the land they have no inducement to protect it and do efficient land-use determinations ( Panayotou 2000 ) . We should acknowledge, nevertheless, that the immediate menace to these lands is non population growing but bad forest direction policies. Before population can be cited as the cause of forest debasement, forest policies must be implemented that provide inducements for local people to pull off forest resources ( Fox 1993 ) . It is frequently the decision that population thrusts deforestation, nevertheless, the context must be kept in head, such as unfastened entree forest resources, low degrees of instruction, insecurely held agricultural land. These all combined prevent response to population growing. Therefore a more complete analysis should look at all these factors. Furthermore, other issues besides affect the rate of deforestation. Holdren ( 1991 ) used a mathematical expression I = P x A x T to demo how population, richness and engineering have an impact on the environment. He claimed that environmental policies should concentrate on ingestion instead than population growing. Population growing is a factor among other issues. While the Brundtland Report ( 1987 ) states that population growing is non the cardinal job. Furthermore, if a state has a higher inco me so the rate of deforestation is likely to be slower. As income rises, people use other energy beginnings and modern agricultural techniques which reduces the demand for agricultural land. Therefore cut downing the rates is population growing is non needfully the best method for diminishing the rate of deforestation ( Cropper and Griffiths 1994 ) . Therefore all of these factors are responsible for a impairment of the environment and all demand to be tackled. Therefore population is merely one factor among many, and the interactions of these factors are important for driving the deforestation procedure. Policies are needed to undertake poorness in developing states and high ingestion degrees in developed states foremost ( Saxena and Nautiyal 1997 ) .However, it depends what degree is being surveies as micro surveies may happen important negative effects on resources from population force per unit areas on the local environment, while macro surveies identify no resource restraints at the national or planetary degree. This differentiation between macro or aggregate, analysis and micro, or more disaggregated analysis is one that you could develop farther. One of the points that this leads to is inquiries of control of resources and the utilizations to which they are put. Macro-level and micro-level analysis may take to different penetrations and decisions in this respect. Micro studies-even though better fail the consequence of population growing besides mask the wider socio-economic factors which may ensue in environmental debasement ( Murton 1997 ) . Therefore there are complications for following the consequence of universe population on the planetary environment ( Panayotou 2000 )The engagement crises in population, resources, and environment ( Ehrlich and Holdren 1971 ) . The Malthusian theory of population growing and resource debasement is clearly a myth that needs to be slain.p97 ( Fox1993 ) .DecisionFrom analyzing the grounds above it is clear that there is small understanding on the relationship between population and environment, there is a enormous fluctuation in findings and their reading. The selective usage of grounds gives rise to results that range from the most pessimistic to the most optimistic.The aim of this essay was to reexamine analytically and critically the statements on the population-environment interface. This essay has outlined Malthusian statements of population growing doing environmental debasement. This essay has besides explored counter-evidence to this, reasoning that invention and a better direction of resources can countervail the effects of population growing. This essay has besides argued that other factors affect are the cause of impairment in environmental quality. A more complete analysis should integrate these factors and their interaction with population growing. It is by and large agreed that population growing is an indirect menace to the environment. Therefore direct menaces need to be ad dressed. Issues such as poorness demand to be solved to better environmental quality, non cut downing population Numberss.However, whether grounds is used from macro or micro graduated tables can skew the consequences.To reason that much more empirical research, with more sophisticated theoretical accounts, is prerequisite before we can to the full understand the function of population kineticss ( denseness, growing, distribution and composing ) on deforestation.Java s population quadrupled in the last 100years. However, environmental harm was due to economic grounds non population growing. Failure to better agricultural productiveness and to make non-agriculutral employment has intensified population force per unit areas. Panayotou ( 1996 ) .

Saturday, May 25, 2019

American Revolution (DBQ) Essay

In the time period of 1860 and 1877, constitutional and social developments occurred in America that amounted to a revolution. Some constitutional developments were the Secession of 1860, the emancipation Proclamation, and Amendments 14 and 15. Some social developments were the Freedmens Bureau, the Civil Rights Act of 1875, and Congressional Reconstruction. Put together, all these developments led to a revolution.Prior to 1860 the United States was already bump into opposing sides fighting for power. Although these conflicts never reached the battlefield, the slaves states and Free states were always competing for representation in congress. South Carolina felt that certain powers were restrained from them and it imperiled their continued existence as sovereign states (DOC A). So, as the leader, they declared secession with several states following shortly after. They were then called the Confederate states of America. This was so revolutionary because the Union destroyed everyth ing in the South and it led to the strengthening of Federal Power over the states.The Emancipation Proclamation was intended to be the cure of slavery once and for all. In the archaeozoic years of the Proclamation it could only be extended to Union controlled areas. It allowed blacks freedom of movement and religion. Shortly after, Amendments 14 and 15 were created that gave the freed men more rights. Amendment 14 gave freedmen citizenship and follow protection under the law. Amendment 15 gave them the right to vote and resulted in black legislators in the state and federal government.

Friday, May 24, 2019

Individual Economic Issues Simulation Paper Essay

Review the Health manage Economics Issues health maintenance organization mask go post on your student web knave. Follow the Wk 4 WEB LINK Understanding Economic Issues for HMOs. This exercise is for your learning find only. Do non post any screen short from the exercise as dissolve of your assignment.Economic Issues Simulation PaperPrepare a 1,050- to ,1400 report card in which you present a profile of each caller-out including the demographics of the employees, the health care risk factors (potential areas of high utilization), and the premiums the high society is willing to pay. Apply each broadcast, top hat Standard and Castor Enhanced to each company, Constructit and E-editor, to determine which plan best meets the healthcare needs of the employees ignore Dearden.As a representative of Castor insurance, your assembly line is to maximize profit and minimize risk for the company. Based on your analysis of potential utilization, give at least(prenominal) two reasons w hy each plan could be selected for each company. Then select one of the two companies and state which plan you would select to sell to that company? What are the reasons for this decision? why did you not select the other plan offered?Your paper should be organized so that each question serves as a subheading followed by the discussion, i.e. Two Reasons Why Each Plan Could Be Selected, Which Plan Selected and Reasons for the Decision, and Why the Other Plan Were Eliminated.Include a Title page and a Conclusion.Format your paper logical with APA guidelines as described in team the appellation Format Easy Version document. Follow the Wk 4 idiosyncraticAssignment Outline document posted in the Course Materials forum located just below the Chat Room.Post your aTo get this material copy and paste link to browser https//bitly.com/1wyPcrfThink about your resume from day one. Yes, you want your diploma to be the feature point of the resume. However, you also want to put anything else you can on it. Work-study, pass job or internship experience is a big plus. Also cultivate opportunities through extra-curricular activities that appeal to you.General Questions General General QuestionsReview the Health Care Economics Issues HMO Simulation exercise posted on your student web page. Follow the Wk 4 WEB LINK Understanding Economic Issues for HMOs. This exercise is for your learning experience only. Do not post any screen short from the exercise as part of your assignment.Economic Issues Simulation PaperPrepare a 1,050- to ,1400 paper in which you present a profile of each company including the demographics of the employees, the health care risk factors (potential areas of high utilization), and the premiums the company is willing to pay. Apply each plan, Castor Standard and Castor Enhanced to each company, Constructit and E-editor, to determine which plan best meets the healthcare needs of the employees ignore Dearden.As a representative of Castor insurance, your j ob is to maximize profit and minimize risk for the company. Based on your analysis of potential utilization, give at least two reasons why each plan could be selected for each company. Then select one of the two companies and state which plan you would select to sell to that company? What are the reasons for this decision? Why did you not select the other plan offered?Your paper should be organized so that each question serves as a subheading followed by the discussion, i.e. Two Reasons Why Each Plan Could Be Selected, Which Plan Selected and Reasons for the Decision, and Why the Other Plan Were Eliminated.Include a Title page and a Conclusion.Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines as described in team the Assignment Format Easy Version document. Follow the Wk 4 Individual Assignment Outline document posted in the Course Materials forum located just below the Chat Room.Post your assignment in the Assignment Section on your student web page. Post an Individual Certificate of Originality along with your assignment do not include the Certificate as part of your assignment.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Carnival Corporation Case Study Essay

pleasure ground Corporation as the largest merchantmanvas line in the world is being a leader and pioneer in the travel line industry. Many of the onboard activities and serves were introduced to strengthen the strugglencies between competitors. The challenges of the circus were being overcome by the management with imaginative and innovative strategies. As a corporate entity, Carnival did not refuse to withdraw money to settle the ocean pollution charged by public. The expanding upons of cruise line grocery store via acquisition of a few subsidiaries dominate the cruise line in the world.1. Strengths ( internecine factors) First, the largest cruise line in the world, as the leader and innovator in the cruise industry (growth from two converted ocean liners into an organization with multiples cruise lines). Second, the belief of management and identity card of Directors that the union will grows better. It motivates the employees to work hard. Third, internal grow in t erm of vessels that approximately ten vessels be chthonian construction. Fourth, employees loyalty (the coarseest period employees remain in this organization is around octette socio-economic classs) because Carnival management treating well to their employees in terms of wages). Fifth, creative and innovative corporate officers that is ready to face challenges. Sixth, Carnival has operational experience and economic of scales that create them to work lowest break even point in the same industry. WeaknessesFirst, in 1972, the speed of ship was slow. Second, the long-term debt within 1999 and 2001 is increased (the payback of debt may lower the revenue and thus decreasing the dividend payment for sh atomic number 18holders). Third, the expand market ( line) of Carnival causing the difficulty in managing the business. Fourth, reducing on net income in 2001 is because of higher costs and expenses.2. Op interfaceunities (external factors) First, the expansion through acquisitio n can reduce the competitors in same industry and has the ability to compete with other(a) competitors (lower advertising costs). Second, collaborationism with proceed agents can promote cruises. Third, the industry is expected to meet bright future in passengers, consolidation through mergers, buyout, and smaller cruise operator failure, and the expansion of the industry worldwide. Fourth, expand of target customers from older people to younger people. Fifth, expand of onboard activities (casino, disco, and nightclub). ThreatsFirst, terrorist events that were happen in 11 September 2001. Second, negative publicity in 2002 where Carnival subjected by the ocean pollution charges and Norwalk-like virus that affect the cruise industry. Third, the increased of fuel costs and airline costs that affect the industry. Fourth, the failure of Carnival get together up operations of Fiesta marina Lines that affect the company image. Fifth, Persian Gulf War that was increased competitors i n the cruise industry especially in Caribbean area. Sixth, Royal Caribbean canvass Lines had institute a major shipbuilding program that challenges Carnival. The emergence of Walt Disney Company in the cruise market and the prospect of new ships on the horizon give impact to the family cruise vacation segment.3. Core competencies Yes, Carnival has core competencies because it is the might crosses divisional boundaries, Carnival can do exceedingly well, and must continuously reinvest in it i) Adding diversion onboard such as disco, nightclubs, casino, and others. Carnival as well as tries to allure younger cruisers by providing vacation package that included airfare to the port of embarkation and home afterwards the cruise. ii) Product positioning Carnival believes that cruise market comprised to three segments (contemporary, premium, luxury) with different passenger demographics, characteristics, and growth requirements. iii) Travel agents collaborate with travel agents to p romote cruises. Carnival in any case training travel agents from nonaffiliated travel firm to sell cruises.4. Distinctive competencies Yes, Carnival has distinctive competencies because distinctive competency is the superior to those of the competitions and difficult for competitors to compete with Carnival i) investment in new ships Carnival is expanding its internal growth by investing in new ships. The ships under constructions are around 10 vessels. It is difficult for other competitors to invest in these large numbers of ships in same period but Carnival can do. ii) External expansion through acquisitions Carnival has five subsidiaries that control the major cruise lines in different countries. This causing Carnival becomes as the largest cruise line in the world.5. What trends are emerging in cruise industry?i) The adding diversion onboard such as planned activities, disco, nightclubs, casino, and other forms of entertainment activities (different kinds of activities that satisfactory for different ages of target customers). ii) Moderate priced vacation for younger cruisers that included airfare to the port of embarkation and home after the cruise. iii) All inclusive packages that began with bags were tagged for the ship at the airport, air-conditioned bus, meals, onboard activities, house keeping service, until passengers were transported back to airport. iv) Love story photograph such as Titanic and Love boat that promote the romance onboard encouraging couples to join cruise.6. Marketing strategy i) Price moderate price (vacation packages) that conservative clients afford to pay. Prices for different levels of rooms are charged according to the customers needs. ii) Product vacation package that suitable for the clients aged. Other onboard activities such as casino and disco. The service from pic big businessman up the clients at airport to board and dropping clients again at airport. iii) Place Caribbean ports and other destination such as Walt Disney World, Holland, and Costa, as long as the clients want to go. iv) Promotion some of the promotions are done by travel agents. The Fun Ship cruise that with designated shipboard party and everyone is welcomed by Carnival is another success promotion.7. The importance of travel agents The travel agents will help Carnival to promote the cruises as an alternative to Disney or European vacation. For people who neer take a cruise in their life, or afraid of taking a flight to the destinations will be attracted. Thus, it shows that the important role of travel agents to Carnival. besides that, not only attracting clients to take a cruise as the core business, selling cruise is also part of the Carnival business. Thus, Carnival is training travel agents from nonaffiliated travel firms to sell cruise. Because of the attractive benefit in term of money provided by Carnival, in year 2000, Carnival took reservations from about 29000 travel agencies to promote the business. And, it proves that this strategy in promoting cruises either to attract clients boarding the cruise or selling the cruise is succeed. 8. Flight or cruise?We will choose cruise because we have not travel yet to some where by cruise before. i) In our opinion, although the price for a cruise might be higher a spell than to take a flight to Caribbean island that we can afford to pay. By choosing a package for the cruising is worth because there will be variety of services that suitable for us as active younger cruisers rather than just to sit in the flight and we have nothing to do. ii) Even though cruise may take a longer time to reach Caribbean island, the final destination that we will reach is Caribbean island no matter we take a cruise or flight. Thus, we can enjoy the onboard facilities that we have paid for. Disco, nightclubs, gym room, cinema, and casino are the places that we seldom go for but we can enjoy if we take a cruise for this vacation. iii) Cruise is a place that we can r elax ourselves since the purpose of travel is to relax our mind. The sea view from a ship can make us happy and reduce our stress. On the other hand, we can also meet some new friends through this trip. iv) Besides, we can experience some exotic destinations when the cruise will sail in the ports. The cruisers can come down from the vessel and visit some famous spots. Adversely, if we take flight, we cant visit anyplace except just transit in airport.9. Evaluation of Carnivals targeting to specific target market i) Contemporary segment served by Carnival ships, feature a casual ambiance. ii) Premium segment served by Holland America, for longer market and appealed to more affluent consumers iii) Luxury segment served by Seabourn and Cunard, catered to experience cruisers. The above are the target market for Carnival. Each segment has different types of costs to be charged to consumers. For the contemporary segment, it is more suitable for family and people who need relaxing duri ng a short period of holidays. The price is cheaper than premium or luxury segment. For the premium segment, it is more suitable for affluent consumers, who need a longer period to relax.It normally targets an older people to board because the facilities in the ship are more suitable for their ages. This segment of cruise will have more cabin or public space per person. In term of price, it is the most expensive and little people can afford to pay. The price for this segment is higher than contemporary segment. non everyone will prefer this segment of cruise because they need to carry the available time for taking the cruise. The luxury segment targets for extremely rich consumers where they were served as king and queen in the ship. The consumers who taking this segment of cruise can show that they have a higher social status and prestige is the main consider by consumers.10. Strategic management in Carnival Carnival has a very unique and successful strategic management in cruise industry. During terrorist events in 2001, the world cruise industry was negatively impact by it. However, to overcome this problem, Carnival offered a deep discount to lure back the passengers. In year 2002, Carnival was subjected to the ocean pollution charges. The company was withdrawing $18 million to overcome this issue. This strategy is not only to overcome the issue ethically but also to maintain the company image. Carnival is doing well in pricing strategy where they offer different kinds of packages with moderate price for different kinds of customers.To improve the core competency of the company, Carnival tried to increase the services onboard and adding diversions onboard. Even though other cruise company can imitate this strategy but Carnival is the head start to invent the same strategy that succeeds to gain revenue from it. Carnival tried to introduce new strategy to make more convenience to consumers such as the all-inclusive package. The main purpose of this strate gy is to maximize the satisfaction of consumers on Carnival services. Finally, to reduce the competition in cruise industry and to compete with other competitors in the same industry, Carnival did acquisition on many cruise lines as subsidiaries. The expansion of Carnival in cruise line market through acquisition can tighten the status of Carnival in cruise industry.11. The advantage of being a CFC The individuals (foreigners or locals) who held the stocks of Carnival under the CFC status are incorporation exempt shipping operations of United States persons from income tax. Carnival with all of its income (except of United State source of income from transportation, hotel and tour business of Holland America) would be exempt from United State federal income taxes at the corporate level. This exemption not only can increase the revenue of Carnival, it also allows the company to have more funds (liquidation assets) to run more projects or activities for the company. The reason of gove rnment to give exemption to Carnival is because to encourage this industry to growth and attract more passengers boarding on ship, especially the ship with casino. It will increase the government sources of money.12. How to maintain low costs, high level of service? i) Vertical integrating or outsourcing Carnival can try to produce in-house or outsource the products or services in related industries such as shipbuilding, meal prep industry, and transportation (bus). This is because either vertical integration or outsourcing, which contributes the lowest cost, will be the choice of Carnival to either produce in-house or to outsource the needs. The neat relation with suppliers can guarantee the best quality of the products or services. The in-house produce (vertical integration) can guarantee for the high level of products and services quality. ii) Maintain employees Experienced employees can be the senior for the new comers. They can train and guide the new workers while doing a task rather than the company to send them for training course. Thus, maintaining experienced employees can save the labor cost and maintain the service quality to passengers. iii) Maintain cruise standard (such as sanitary standard) by periodically checking to negate break down during cruising and it may need higher cost to repair and bring inconvenience to passengers.Conclusion The success of Carnival is depends on the innovative Board of Directors and management. The growth of cruise market becomes more significant because of the low fares high quality of service. Carnival is dominating the cruise line market but they noneffervescent do investment in improving the services so that to avoid the core competencies become the weaknesses of the company. Even though the net profit of year 2001 is decrease but it did not mean that they have weak internal control. External factors such as increased in fuel cost also are considered the factor in the declining profit. Finally, Carnival has the potential to grow in cruise line market because they already gained the experience in cruise line and they have strong financial to support many cruise activities.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Crusaders vs. Invaders

In c. 800, Pope Leo III assigned Charlemagne as Emperor of the Roman great deal. This collaboration and mutual understanding between Charlemagne and the church building paved the way for the numerous future successes in the conquest wars. The initial steps acquiren by Charlemagne as Emperor do not show a lust for power or riches at any stage. What they did imply was his aspiration to educate the people and build an unbiased government system of rules that solely functions towards the well- be of the whole empire.Moreover, the major cause behind the conquest wars led by Charlemagne against the German tribes was to announce the revival of the Roman Empire as far as central europium, and provide an easy access for the church into the pagan tribes (Einhard 61). According to Einhard, in his book two lives of Charlemagne, the Saxons were an extremely disrespectful people. He states They are much given to devil worship and they are hostile to our religion. They think it no dishonor to violate and transgress the laws of God and man. (61).Although the Franks lived peacefully unspoilt across the river to the Saxons, consistent crimes like murder and theft eventu every last(predicate)y gave way to a ferocious war between the two parties. The sole purpose of this war was to convert the Saxons to Christianity and unite them with the Franks (Einhard 61-62). Although the Franks may have initiated the war, it is absolutely transparent that they had no intention of settling matters other than peacefully. This can be deduced from the fact that while crimes were being committed continuously, the Franks bided for a long time until they could endure it no more than.It was not only the Saxon war, but the origins of the other conquest wars were also not preferably different. For example, the war in Bavaria against Duke Tassilo occurred under similar circumstances. The duke made allies with the Huns disregarding all Charlemagnes orders (Einhard 65). Einhard states in his boo k Not only did Tassilo refuse to adjudge out Charlemagnes orders, but he did his utmost to provoke the world power to war. (66). Wars against the Slaves and Huns also lied along the same lines. Absolute disagreement and disregard of the king lead to unnecessary bloodshed with the same result.Although the actions of Charlemagne may appear to be quite reasonable, the wars fought by the Vikings in Europe are an entirely different story. Their advancements into Europe occurred in various forms however, they always had a violent and ferocious touch to them. In addition, the Vikings were staunch followers of paganism at the time, making them a more unpopular figure in recorded history. Details of the siege of Paris clearly indicate that the Vikings were solely responsible for their war against Odo, defender of Paris.According to Frederic Austin in his book A Sourcebook of Mediaeval History, Siegfred, the Vikings leader, said to the bishop of Paris if you do not listen to my demands, on the morrow our war machines will destroy you with poisoned arrows. You will be the forgo of famine and of pestilence and these evils will perpetually renew every year. Basically, the Vikings threatened the leaders of Paris that if they do not handover the city, they would wage war against Paris with all their force, resting only after its total destruction. In the same book, Frederic Austin narrates the story of Rollos diversity to Christianity too.Although initially he refused to pay respect to King Charles, his conversion had a profound effect on his leadership. The duke established for his subjects certain inviolable rights and laws, confirmed and published by the will of the leading men, and he compelled all his people to live peacefully together. (Austin 165-173). Literally speaking, a crusade refers to a collaborative attempt by a group of people that is aimed to achieve a reasonable cause, while an invasion implies to the disturbance of an event by an uninvited subject. After examining every war fought by Charlemagne during his conquests, it can be safely deduced that he never fought with the disparage intentions, but always aimed to spread the word of Christianity and enforce peace throughout the lands. Moreover, the wars though mostly initiated by Charlemagne, were always provoked by the opposite party. The Vikings on the other hand, were solely responsible for the provocation as well as initiation of wars. At the time of their infiltration into Europe, they mostly used violent methods to take over the city governments against the will of the people.Although Lief Erikson may have built whole towns in the Americas for permanent settlements, the program eventually failed and the spirit of that deed fagged away with time, while the actions behind the more influential settlements of the Vikings in Europe were remembered. Works Cited Austin Ogg, Frederic. A Sourcebook of Mediaeval History. New York American Book Company, 1907. 165-173. Einhard. dic kens Lives of Charlemagne. Trans. Lewis Thorpe. New York Penguin Books Ltd, 1969. 61-68.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Role of Public Libraries in bridging the Digital Divide

The United States National Telecommunications and Information Administration popularized the term Digital Divide in the mid 1990s to indicate the societal split between those had and those who did non progress to access to computers and the network (Warchauer, 2003). With the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) revolution sweeping across the world, the term has since caught the imagination of fond scientists, administrators, media-persons, economists and politicians alike.They have interpreted it in turn as a social, economic and political problem from their respective perspectives, and desire to offer a variety of solutions to bridge the Digital Divide. ICT was initially heralded as a spectacular equalizer. The general impression was that by providing interconnectivity and access to learning to all, ICT would provide equal opportunities, and therefore get inequalities.But it was concisely clear that the Mathew Effect of Merton (1973) could come into play and inc rease the inequalities even more by translating the initial advantages of those who gained aboriginal access to computers and the Internet into increasing returns over time i. e. by vastning the Digital Divide. The Social and alliance Context The basic problem however lies in defining Digital Divide. According to marque (2003) any attempt to bridge the Digital Divide without consideration of the social context could lead to failures and frustrations.He cites a project undertaken by the Municipal Government of New Delhi in India through which computer kiosks with dial-up Internet connectivity were countersink up for the urban poor children in New Delhi. According to the policy of minimal invasive precept adopted in the project, there were no teachers or instructors to guide the children in computer usage. The project could not achieve much beyond children learning to play games and use simple applications to paint and draws.On the other hand, The Gyandoot stick out in rural are as of the state of Madhya Pradesh in India achieved success because of its community druthers. In this case, the use of computers fulfilled social and community needs. The federal agency of customary libraries in providing access to computers and the Internet also has to take all these factors into consideration. The business of public libraries does not end with the provision of the equipment for computer and Internet access.Public libraries have to take on the role of the educator and the instructor so that users are able to utilize the ICT services efficiently and effectively. The larger orientation of all such services has to be around the fulfillment of social and community requirements in line of business with the ideals of social and community informatics. The Five Components of Individual entranceway The concept of Digital Inequality as delimitate by Hargittai (2003) identifies Technical Means, Autonomy of Use, Social Support Network, Production of contentedness Acce ss and Political Access as the five components of individual access.Public libraries therefore have to concentrate on providing all the five components to the individual. This would ask that libraries provide state-of-the-art equipment so that users are in no way limited or confine by the state of the facility itself. Ensuring autonomy of use would suggest providing convenient access to a wide range of users taking into consideration the different timings that could be convenient to different categories of users. This could even entail public libraries offering round-the-clock access to their users.Public libraries give have to play an active part in grammatical construction up social support networks for their users. This will not only help the users in picking up Internet usage skills faster but will also bring in new users into the network. Content is a very vital issue that determines the quality of online access of any user. Any effort to reduce digital inequality will have to ensure that the user is able to locate relevant information on the net. Hargittai (2003) differentiates between available information and accessible information.The available information may not be easily accessible. The phenomenon of information gatekeepers in the form of search engines and other list and searching mechanisms adds complexity to the situation. mercantile interests on the Internet more often than not lead the unwary browser away from relevant sources of information. Public libraries will have to take on the added responsibility coaching the novice user in looking for and locating relevant information.Each library will also have to ensure that they adopt an indexing and searching mechanism linked with their digital subscriptions so that users can find information customized to their requirements. Public libraries will also have to play their part in ensuring that users have access to the institutions that regulate the technologies that they are utilize so that they are also able to participate in policy formulations and decision-making exercises. ConclusionThe role of librarians and library staff will have to undergo vast changes in order to fit into the new responsibilities. Foster (2000) opines that the central concerns surrounding the issue of the digital divide are actually more about the nature and in store(predicate) of education than about the current distribution patterns of technology. Librarians and library staff will thus have to turn in the mantle of technical educators and social activists to contribute meaningfully to the reduction of the Digital Divide.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Nursing Roles and Value Task 1

treat Roles and Value Western Governors University Nursing Roles and Value NVT2 Competency 724. 7. 1 Ethical Leadership Competency 724. 7. 2 Continuing Competency in Nursing Marisha Grimley Course Mentor March 04, 2012 Nursing Roles and Value The character of this paper is to evaluate a look study addressing honourable leadership, analyzing application of standardized code of ethical motive on nurse practice, and discussing issues in safety for quality uncomplaining role cargon.This paper exit support the impressiveness of confidentiality when discussing protected uncomplaining information. In addition, the need for continuing education and training for nursing through recognition of Federal and State regulations as applied to nursing practice will be addressed. The discussion will touch on how these regulations argon applied in specific c atomic number 18 settings and the professional role of nursing in the ever changing health care delivery system.State regulation or st andard of control practice The contemporary definition of nursing according to the Scope and Standards of Practice (2010) is Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, pr heretoforetion of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations. (p. 66).According to the Standards of professional Nursing Practice, this scenario violates nursing Standard 7 chasteity which states The registered declare Delivers care in a mode that preserves and protects healthcare consumers autonomy, dignity, rights, values, and beliefs. (The Standard of professional Performance, 2010, p. 47). The nanny does not follow the standards of practices lead to the several implications. When asked by Dr K. to look in the chart to de conditionine if anyone was responsible for Mr.Es medical ratiocination making, the nurse failight-emitting diod e to inform Dr K that the unhurried had an allege Directive (AD) that specified he not be comed on a breathing apparatus or switch cardiopulmonary resuscitation. By not saving forward this information the nurse did not fulfill her duty of protecting the patients autonomy. She neglected the AD that Mr. E, despite universe a mildly developmentally delayed, had put into place before this infirmary admission. Mr. E accomplished this task with the help of the nursing home patient advocate thus providing livelihood about his medical wishes.Seven years prior, Mr. E had shown the ability to take up his own health care decisions. He chose the pathway of his care by checking him self into a nursing home. The nurse assumed, because the provider had stated that the patient was hypoxic (88% fashion air is hypoxic), that Mr. E could not make his own medical decision. Mr. E verbalized understanding of what his advancement of care would be by stating to Dr. K, shaking his head and sayi ng Go away No No Take me home. In this instance, the nurse did not act as a patient advocate.The nurse should cast off relayed this information to Dr. K. If Dr. K had insisted that the patient was in an impaired hypoxic state, the nurse should deal stateed the bit to her conterminous nursing supervisor who could have intervened as a patient advocate, working to insure that the patients wishes be granted. The nurses failure to act as a patient advocate and measure Mr. Es right to self-determination resulted in the patient being intubated and placed on a ventilator against his wishes. The nurse also failed to uphold a patient right to confidentiality.She violated the Federal health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) confidentiality laws. The nurse did not come up to up and question the provider when the patients wishes were being questioned, leading to the patients rights, values and beliefs being disregarded. Nursing cipher of Ethics by ANA The nurse viola ted more than one provision from the Nursing Code of Ethics. One of the nutriment that apply to this case study is provision 3, which states The nurse promotes, advocates for, and strives to protect the health, safety and rights of the patient. (Code of Ethics for Nurses, 2010, p. 16). The impact on a professional decision, according to provision 3, would be that the nurse should have provided a private place for the doctor to discuss the case with the family fellow member. Furthermore, the nurse cannot interrupt the fiduciary duty of confidentiality by allowing the provider to speak with a family member that was not part of the power of attorney. As well, the nurse has to remember that it is a breach of confidentiality and trust when she speaks with former(a)s, such as colleagues in a cafeteria that are not involved with the patients care.The ethical implications caused by placing Mr. E on a respirator were that the patients right of deciding his own path of treatment was violat ed. The patient Bill of Rights (Roux & Halstead, 2009) allows the patient to refuse medical treatment. Like either individual, Mr. E. has the power of controlling the type of care accustomed to him, along with having control to make decisions that influence self without interference of others. Mr. E, through narrative moral philosophy, had set his healthcare decision precedents. He had made his wishes known by signing an AD. Once Mr.E was intubated further ethical considerations will surface because he may be ventilator dep hold backent or he may die from ventilator induced complications. These possibilities would be avoided by adhering to his true AD. In order to give ethical consideration to this decision, before agreeing with his brothers intubation and musical arrangement on the ventilator, Mr. Y should have bespeak that all the facts be made available to him. Through the manner in which the case scenario is presented, Mr. Y is not involved in Mr. Es support decisions eve n though he is entrusted with Mr. Es final life decisions.Any hospitalization is a stressful situation for all parties, the patient and family. In this scenario it is even more stressful because it is a life and death decision. Mr. Ys brother is diabetic with a history of high blood pressure. Mr. Y has to face the ethical issues of quality of life versus quantity of life in deciding to follow his brothers wishes or not. Mr. Y most likely did not understand a lot of what was happening and may have felt that it was too heavy a decision to let his brother die if no rarified measures were taken. Mt. Y asked for his nieces opinion, indicating Mr.Ys inability to make a decision. As a patient advocate, the nurse should engage in multidisciplinary support to help family understand the legal aspects and obligation of the power of attorney in making life end decisions and the legal obligations of the Advance Directives. Nurse must be firm in stressing these considerations to family so they m ay realize the full legal and ethical implications of their decisions. The importance of end of life issues and decisions are now being discussed at the time of admission to most acute care and long term acute care facilities.More attention is being placed on these specific decisions to ensure that the patients quality of life is considered and maintained even when death may be eminent. It is necessary to keep in mind that Mr. E may have been hypoxic, but he had not shown any signs of not being able to make decisions. The scenario does not describe Mr. E exhibiting any signs of advance hypoxia, such as an altered metal state, cyanosis, tachypnea, cardiac arrhythmias or coma. Mr. E verbalized his disagreement to the procedure by saying Go away No No Take me home. Factors that complicate Mr. Es advance directivesThe validity of Mr. Es AD is not in question. The State of California has a specific form for AD that describes the necessary travel for the AD to be valid. (Form PS-X-MHS-8 42 Rev. 2-04). The AD may be questioned in California if the nursing home did not follow the guidelines printed on the form. It requires that a nursing home patient advocate or ombudsman, as designated by the State Department of Aging, is present to witness the completion and signing of the AD. The AD does not require the front end of a notary, but requires the presence of two witnesses who sign the AD on the same day as the person making the AD.Mr. E is mildly developmentally delayed a condition such as this is not a factor which would complicate his ability to have a valid AD. AD and Advance Care Planning for People with Intellectual and Physical Disabilities was addressed by the U. S. Department of Health and world Services. (HSS, October, 2007). In 2003, a study that assessed the capability of people with a mild mental disability think that adults with mild retardation have the ability to provide adequate consent for their own medical decisions.This led the American Associati on on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD), in 2005 to take the pursual position regarding end of life Permissible treatment options at the end of life are the same for persons with intellectual or developmental disabilities as for everyone else. (U. S. Department of Health and gentlemans gentleman Services, October 2007, p. 13). A factor that complicates the AD is the Power of attorney given to his brother, Mr. Y. Mr. Y was asked to make an end of life decision for his brother, Mr. E, without the noesis of the AD.The case scenario notes that no family member signed the advance directive and it is unclear if any family member were involved. Mr. Y was unaware of Mr. Es AD, made seven years prior, that Mr. E did to avoid having heroic medical procedures performed on himself if should he be in a condition that precluded him from verbalizing his desires. Advance, meaning the wishes are written in advance, before the situations arise for which the wishes have made. D irectives meaning giving, directing the actions of others that are empowered to make the decisions.The lack of communication between Mr. E and Mr. Y created the stressful situation. The nurses decision to withhold her knowledge of Mr. Es AD from other individuals involved in Mr. Es care led to inappropriate treatment. HIPAA violations HIPAA is violated when information is given to anyone who does not have participation in the care of patient. Patient information can be shared out by an entity for the purpose of TPO. TPO is described as release of information pertaining to patients own treatment, payment, and health care operations activities.Knowing how protected health information can be used and disclosed, a HIPAA violation occurred in the following instances. Dr. K discussed Mr. Es condition with his niece in front of her boyfriend and other patients. The nurse, during her dinner break, discussed patients medical issues with three nurses not involved in the patients care and req uested their opinion. The nurse also violated the Code of Ethic Provision 3, which states that nurses have the duty to safeguard patients privacy and only share the pertinent information necessary for treatment with those who are active in the care of the patient. Code of ethics, 2001). Professional conduct of the nurses The comments made by the nurses in the cafeteria were unprofessional, unethical and derogatory. These comments spring that they were not conducting themselves in accordance with the nursing standards of professional practice. Nurses are not expected to feel heat energy towards all human beings, but they cannot treat others with uncaring behavior to justify their feelings or their short comings.Nurses are professionals, and as professionals, nurses are expected to move beyond feelings and provide the same care to every patient regardless of their background, level of intelligence, diagnosis or economic status. In the case study the nurses were not 1) alive(p) in ongoing educational practices as evidenced by the lack of knowledge of the pre-existing is AD. The nurses did not consider the legal ramifications of not following the patients AD requests nor did they respect the patients rights to self-determination. ) Providing care in a cultural and sensitive way, as evidenced by calling the patient retarded. Oral defamation calling patient retarded is slander. 3) Respectful of the patients moral worth nor did they give dignity to the patient, in respect to his living situation by the statement he is already in a nursing home The Code of Ethics, an integral part of what professional nursing stands for, addresses the fact that nurses have a commitment to the well being of their patients.It requires that nurses act as advocates by being vigilant and taking action when inappropriate dealings, such as unethical or questionable practices, are being carried out, and may jeopardize a patients care. It is the ethical responsibility of the nurse to rep ort to administration the nurses practices and lack of knowledge and the cavalier attitude towards HIPAA. It is an integral part of nursing not to take a breather silent when substandard care is known and practices that do not lay out with the nursing code of ethics are being used.The conduct that does not follow the nurse principles also will not align with place of work policies. These nurses should be reported to supervisors for counseling, education and corrective actions. Some issues are so bleak that nurses are mandated to report offenses to authorities such as the Board of Registered Nursing, Nursing Organization, and HIPAA. In conclusion, the above case study identifies a case where several standards were compromised in protecting patients rights, privacy and protecting patient from harm.Through knowledge and competency in following the Nursing Practice Act as well as the Code of Ethics, one can always ensure uncompromised patient care and safety in practice. References B oard of Registered Nurse. The Registered Nurse as Patient Advocate Regulations. Sacramento, CA (Reprint from the BRN Report Winter 1987). Retrieved from http//www. rn. ca. gov/pdfs/regulations/npr-i-11. pdf America Nursing Association (2010). In Scope and Standards of Practice (2nd edition). smooth Spring, Maryland Nursesbooks. org. America Nursing Association (2001).Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements (2001 edition). Silver Spring, Maryland nursingbooks. org. Advance Directive Form. (PS-X-MHS-842 Rev. 2-04). Retrieved from http//ag. ca. gov/consumers/pdf/AHCDS1. pdf Roux, G. Halstead, J. A. (2009). Issues and Trends in Nursing. Sudbury, Massachusetts Jones and Bartlett Publishers. U. S Department of Health and Human Services. (October 2007). Advance Directives and Advance Care Planning for People with Intellectual and Physical Disabilities. Retrieved from http//aspe. hhs. gov/daltcp/reports/2007/adacp. htmwho (Roux Halstead, 2009)

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Between Language Art and Language Play

The both articles delve into the contemporary debate of corresponding(p) sex compass north. The first one presents the conservative orthodox raft of the Catholic faith on alike sex union while the second article presents an irregular view which is more giving and accepting. Both article advocate a stand on the same issue and aims to spread the good news of their stand. The two articles tackle the issue of same sex union by giving their own definition of marriage.The orthodox view argues that marriage, as instituted by God, is a faithful, exclusive, long union of a man and a woman joined in an intimate community of lifespan and love and that same sex union is an altogether different thing from marriage since it does non play the definition. They say that it is not based on the natural complementarity of male and female it cannot cooperate with God to give new life and the natural purpose of sexual union cannot be achieved by a same-sex union.The liberal view points otherwi se saying that Marriage can be defined as the unique and redundant form of committed friendship and this does not say that the persons have to be heterosexually attracted, thus people of the same sex can still be married. This contrasting view is an interesting point for further compare and contrasting. Both authors use the bible as their authoritative source of arguments. The USCCB in sum claims that what is right is what is write in the bible, Prof.Maguire on his part claims that the bible as a historical explanation is not an account of what is right, it sometimes contain accounts which recommends what should not be done as depicted by the lesson of particular stories exchangeable in the stories about slavery. The liberal view purports that many Catholic theologians agree now with Protestant and Judaic theologians that same sex unions can be moral, healthy, and holy and that many Catholic people are dungeon in same sex unions and adopting children and still practicing thei r Catholic faith however .While the USCCB continues to campaign against the equation of same sex unions to marriage and urges followers to keep their opinions in line with the teachings of their faith and of the bible. While using approximately the same source, the bible and the interpretation of the word of God, both authors argue in different directions both of which does not directly rebut each other.